All Fields (A-Z)

Alternative location name

alternative_location_name

Alternate name for the location where the source was collected. This may include a different known name for the toponym, spelling variations, or the original name in a non-Latin alphabet. Example: تل موزان

Type	Required	Table
string	no	locations

Analytical parameters identifier

analytical_parameters_id

This field contains the unique identifier for the set of analytical parameters associated with a specific analysis.

Type	Required	Table
identifier	no	organic_measures, mineral_measures, radiocarbon_measures, amino_acid_measures, analytical_parameters

Archaeological culture

archaeological_culture

This field identifies the specific cultural group or archaeological tradition associated with the material or context. It refers to a distinct culture recognized through material remains, such as tools, pottery, or architectural styles, which characterize a particular group in a given region and time period. Examples include the Mycenaean culture, the La Tène culture, or the Clovis culture. This field helps to further define the cultural context of the material beyond its general period.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Archaeological period

archaeological_period

This field indicates the general time period or era to which the material or context belongs, based on archaeological dating. It reflects a broader chronological framework, such as the Neolithic, Bronze Age, or Roman period, providing context for the temporal placement of the material within a specific era of human history.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• stone age
• paleolithic
• epipaleolithic
• neolithic
• chalcolithic
• bronze age
• iron age
• hellenistic
• roman
• late antiquity
• migration period
• medieval
• byzantine
• ottoman
• post-medieval
• industrial
• lithic stage
• archaic
• formative
• classic
• post-classic
• indigenous period
• european-contact pre-settlement period
• settlement / pre-industrial
• ancient
• imperial
• classical
• feudal
• dynastic
• colonial
• modern

Authors

authors

The names of the individuals who contributed to the work, listed in the order they appear in the original publication. The standard format is “Last Name, First Name” for each author, with multiple authors separated by semicolons (e.g., “Smith, John; Doe, Jane”). This format ensures clarity and consistency when identifying all contributing authors of the work.

Type	Required	Multiple	Table
string	no	yes	references

Biological age - exact

biological_age_exact

This field records the precise biological age of an individual (human or non-human), expressed in years. It can be used whether the individual is living or deceased. The age is determined through reliable methods, reflecting the actual age rather than an estimated range.

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	year old (y.o.)	materials

Biological age - maximum

biological_age_max

This field records the estimated maximum biological age of an individual (human or non-human), expressed in years. It is used when the exact age is uncertain, providing an upper boundary based on biological or osteological evidence.

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	year old (y.o.)	materials

Biological age - minimum

biological_age_min

This field records the estimated minimum biological age of an individual (human or non-human), expressed in years. It is used when the exact age cannot be determined, providing a lower boundary based on available evidence from biological or osteological assessments. If no further information is available and the individual is reported only as an "adult" in the original source, this field can be filled with the value 18.

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	year old (y.o.)	materials

Biological age category

biological_age_category

Biological age category denotes the estimated age of an individual based on osteological features. The IsoArcH database uses a binary division into non-adult and adult, with an arbitrary cut-off value of 18 years old. Individuals overlapping the two age categories remain unclassified.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• adult
• non-adult

Biological sex

biological_sex

Biological sex indicates the sex of an individual estimed through bioanthropological methods (osteology, proteomics, DNA, etc.) as reported in the original paper.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	materials

Allowed Values:

• M
• F
• F?
• M?
• I
• NA

Body disposal

body_disposal

Body disposal type refers to the way the human corpse (or its remains) was disposed.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• inhumation
• cremation
• scattered

Body orientation

body_orientation

Body orientation refers to the positioning of the deceased within a burial relative to the cardinal directions. The orientation is established from the head down to the feet.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• north/south
• west/east
• north-east/south-west
• north-west/south-east
• south/north
• east/west
• south-east/north-west
• south-west/north-east

Body position

body_position

Body position refers to the original positioning of a corpse within a burial.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• ventral
• dorsal
• lateral right
• sitting
• lateral left
• lateral

Body side

body_side

Body side indicates the right or left half of a human or animal, determined by the sagittal plane, which vertically divides the body into two sections.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	samples

Allowed Values:

• left
• right

Bone

bone

Bone denotes the precise identification of the bone chosen for sampling.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	samples

Allowed Values:

• antler
• astragalus
• carapace
• carpal
• clavicle
• cleithrum
• coffin
• cranium
• dentary
• diaphysis
• femur
• fibula
• fin spine
• horn
• humerus
• indeterminate
• long bone
• mandible
• maxilla
• metacarpal
• metapodial
• metatarsal
• molar
• mtc
• operculum
• pastern
• patella
• pelvis
• petrous
• phalange
• phalanx
• plastron
• radius
• rib
• scapula
• sesamoid
• skull
• sternum
• talus
• tarsal
• tarsometatarsal
• tibia
• tibiotarsus
• ulna
• vertebra

Bone preservation

bone_preservation

Bone preservation describes the overall macroscopic state of preservation of the bones of a human individual.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• well
• medium
• poor

Book title

book_title

This field contains the full title of the book from which a reference or citation is taken. It should be entered exactly as it appears in the original publication, including any subtitles.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	references

Burial assemblage

burial_assemblage

Burial assemblage refers to number and timing of corpse deposition(s) within a burial.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• individual
• plural
• plural:collective
• plural:multiple

Burial?

burial

Burial refers to the identification of a burial feature in which a human body or its remains had been intentionally deposited.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• yes
• no

C:N

c_n

Type	Required	Table
decimal	no	organic_measures

C:S

c_s

Type	Required	Table
decimal	no	organic_measures

collagen yield (%)

collagen_yield

Type	Required	Table
decimal	no	organic_measures

Combustion stage

combustion_stage

Combustion stage denotes the two main phases of a burning process that are observable at a macroscopic level.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	samples

Allowed Values:

• charred
• calcined

Composite sample?

composite_sample

This field enables indicating whether the analyzed sample is a composite of multiple grab samples pooled together to provide one sample.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	samples

Allowed Values:

• yes
• no

Container material

container_material

Container type pertains to the hollow object, receptacle or enclosure utilized for holding a deceased human body or its remains. Given the array of available options, this field specifies solely the construction material category.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• perishable
• stone
• metal
• pottery
• plaster

Context

context

This field specifies the contextual classification of the material being referenced. “Archaeological” refers to materials from historical or prehistorical periods with clear archaeological contexts, including humans, animals, and plants. “Environmental” pertains to contemporary plants, animals, and abiotic materials such as soil, rocks, or water. “Modern” applies exclusively to human materials from non-archaeological contexts.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	yes	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• archaeological
• environmental
• modern

Coordinates type

coordinates_type

Coordinates type indicates the precision of the geographic location where the material was collected, whether exact or approximate.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	yes	Lowercase: yes	locations, materials

Allowed Values:

• exact
• approximate

Database contact

database_contact

This field lists the contact information for the database administrator or the support team. It usually includes an email address.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	databases

Database description

database_description

This field provides a brief but comprehensive summary of the database's content, purpose, and potential use.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	databases

Database name

database_name

This field contains the official name of the source database. It is used specifically to identify and refer to the external database that provided the data, ensuring proper attribution.

Type	Required	Table
string	yes	databases, organic_measures, mineral_measures, radiocarbon_measures, amino_acid_measures

Database url

database_url

This field stores the web address where the database can be accessed. It should be a direct link that users can click to reach the database online, ensuring easy access to the data and related resources.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	databases

Dataset abstract

dataset_abstract

This field contains a brief summary or description of the dataset, outlining its scope, content, and purpose. The abstract helps users quickly understand the dataset’s main features, the type of data it contains, and its relevance for specific research topics.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	datasets

Dataset authors

dataset_authors

This field lists the names of the individuals who contributed to the creation of the dataset. The standard format for each author is “Last Name, First Name,” with multiple authors separated by semicolons (e.g., “Smith, John; Doe, Jane”). This format ensures clarity and consistency when recognizing and properly attributing all contributors to the dataset.

Type	Required	Multiple	Table
string	no	yes	datasets

Dataset contact

dataset_contact

This field provides the contact information for the person or team responsible for the dataset. This is typically an email address.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	datasets

Dataset DOI

dataset_doi

This field contains the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) assigned to the dataset. It provides a unique and permanent identifier for the dataset, ensuring it can be accurately cited and easily retrieved in digital repositories associated with IsoArcH. In the case of compilations, the IsoArcH DOI also references the original source works included in the dataset, providing proper attribution and a direct link to the foundational research.

Type	Required	Table
string	yes	datasets, organic_measures, mineral_measures, radiocarbon_measures, amino_acid_measures

Dataset keywords

dataset_keywords

This field includes a list of keywords that describe the main themes, topics, or content of the dataset.

Type	Required	Multiple	Table
string	no	yes	datasets

Dataset license

dataset_license

This field specifies the license under which the dataset is shared, indicating the permissions and restrictions for its use, distribution, and modification. The license ensures clarity on how the data can be accessed and reused by others, supporting transparency and compliance with legal standards.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	datasets

Dataset status

dataset_status

This field describes the current state or stage of the dataset. It reflects whether the dataset has been finalized or is still undergoing preparation or updates.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	datasets

Allowed Values:

• fully archived
• in progress
• embargo

Dataset title

dataset_title

This field records the full title of the dataset, providing a clear and concise description of the content or focus of the dataset. The title should be informative and specific to allow users to quickly understand the nature of the data.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	datasets

Decomposition

decomposition

Decomposition refers to the immediate environment where the decay of a human body occurs, influencing or preventing the disarticulation and movement of skeletal remains within the burial.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• void
• filled space

Dental arch

dental_arch

Dental arch denotes the identification of arcade of teeth chosen for sampling.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	samples

Allowed Values:

• upper
• lower

Deposition type

deposition_type

Deposition type denotes the category of funerary deposits for a human corpse or its remains.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• primary
• secondary
• reduction
• relic

DOI

doi

This field contains the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) of the referenced publication. It is highly recommended as it allows users to directly access the original work and helps ensure accurate citation and retrieval of referenced materials.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	references

Editors

editors

The name(s) of the person or people responsible for compiling, reviewing, or editing the content of the publication, usually applicable to books or collections. Editors play a significant role in shaping the structure and quality of the publication.

Type	Required	Multiple	Table
string	no	yes	references

Fish category

fish_category

Fish category offers an additional layer of information regarding the ecological niches and habitats where the fish thrive.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• freshwater
• marine
• anadromous
• catadromous
• diadromous

Funerary architecture

funerary_architecture

Funerary architecture refers to the specific construction and design features of a funerary structure from which the material originates.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• simple pit
• arranged tomb
• jar tomb
• niche grave

Gender

gender

This field denotes the gender assigned by archaeologists based on grave goods, burial architecture, and other funerary materials.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	materials

Grave goods

grave_goods

This field indicates whether items were placed with the deceased at the time of burial.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	materials

Group count - exact

group_count_exact

This field specifies the exact number of individuals or elements within a group when the count is definitively known. It is used when there is sufficient evidence to confirm the total quantity, ensuring precise documentation of group composition. The group field must be set to "yes" for this entry.

Type	Required	Table
integer	no	materials

Group count - minimum

group_count_min

This field records the minimum estimated number of individuals or elements in a group when an exact count is uncertain. It corresponds to the Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI) and provides a lower boundary for the group size based on available evidence, particularly useful in cases of partial remains or fragmented elements. The group field must be set to "yes" for this entry.

Type	Required	Table
integer	no	materials

Group?

group

The "group" field indicates whether a record represents a group of individuals (e.g., a collective cremation) or multiple elements, such as a batch of mixed seeds. It should be set to "yes" if the record represents a group, or "no" or left blank if it does not represent a group. This field can also work with parent_material_id to associate distinct individuals within a group, allowing for separate biological details like sex and age. If the group is confirmed to share the same biological characteristics, it is not necessary to link additional records.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	materials

Allowed Values:

• yes
• no

Instrumentation

instrumentation

This field specifies the type of instrument or equipment used to conduct the analysis and obtain the measured values.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	organic_measures, mineral_measures, radiocarbon_measures, amino_acid_measures

ISBN

isbn

This field records the unique identifier, ISBN (International Standard Book Number), assigned to books or monographs.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	references

ISSN

issn

This field contains the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), a unique 8-digit identifier assigned to the serial publication (e.g., journals, periodicals, or magazines) in which the referenced work was published.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	references

Issue

issue

The issue number of the journal in which the article is found, often used in conjunction with the volume number. Issues typically represent a subset of articles published within a specific time frame, such as monthly or quarterly. Including the issue number ensures precise identification of the source.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	references

Journal

journal

This field contains the name of the academic journal, magazine, or periodical in which the referenced work was published. It provides a standardized reference for locating where the work appeared, such as “Nature,” “Science,” or “Journal of Archaeological Science.”

Type	Required	Table
string	no	references

Known value

known_value

This field contains the expected or known value of the standard being used. This value serves as the reference against which the measured results are compared to assess the accuracy and reliability of the analytical process.

Type	Required	Table
decimal	no	analytical_parameters

Latitude

latitude

Latitude, an angular measurement in degrees north or south from the equator, serves as the geographic coordinate for the location where the material was collected. There are no constraints on the number of digits following the decimal point. Example: 7.316667

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	yes	WGS84	locations, materials

Location name

location_name

Name of the location, typically an archaeological site, where the source was collected. Example: Catacombs of Marcellinus and Peter

Type	Required	Table
string	yes	locations, materials

Longitude

longitude

Longitude, an angular measurement in degrees east or west from the prime meridian, acts as a coordinate for pinpointing the location where the material was collected. There are no constraints on the number of digits following the decimal point. Example: 13.5833333

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	yes	WGS84	locations, materials

Material identifier

material_id

Material identifier is a unique identifier assigned first by the compiler and then by the IsoArcH database to each collected material. In each dataset, these numbers will span from 1 to n, with n representing the maximum number of materials compiled. Once in the IsoArcH database, this identifier will include the dataset number as a prefix. GRIST may automatically populate this field. Example: 1

Type	Required	Table
identifier	yes	materials, samples

Material type

material_type

A material is defined as the individual, specimen, element, or compound from which a sample originates. The type of material is restricted to specific allowed values. Example: For a human, choose hominin.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	yes	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• hominin
• animal
• plant
• organic residue
• water
• lichen
• dry deposition
• rock
• sediment
• soil
• litter

Measured proxy

measured_proxy

This field specifies the element or isotope proxy that was measured during the analytical run. Examples include isotopic measurements such as δ13C, δ34S, δ18O, etc. This field indicates the specific proxy being analyzed.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	analytical_parameters

Allowed Values:

• δ13C
• δ15N
• δ34S
• δ13C carbonate
• δ18O carbonate
• δ18O phosphate
• δ18O total
• 87Sr/86Sr
• δ88Sr
• 143Nd/144Nd

Measured uncertainty

measured_uncertainty

This field represents the uncertainty associated with the measured value. Expressed to one decimal point, it indicates the range or degree of variability in the measurement, reflecting how confident the researcher is in the accuracy of the measured result.

Type	Required	Table
decimal	no	analytical_parameters

Measured uncertainty type

measured_uncertainty_type

This field specifies the type of statistical uncertainty associated with the measured value. Accepted values are “sd”, “2sd”, “se” or “2se”. This clarifies the basis of the uncertainty measurement, helping to interpret the level of confidence and precision in the reported value.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	analytical_parameters

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

Measured value

measured_value

This field records the actual value obtained for the measured proxy during the analytical run. It represents the experimental result and is compared against the known value of the standard to evaluate the success of the measurement.

Type	Required	Table
decimal	no	analytical_parameters

Mummification

mummification

Mummification refers to the alteration of the decomposition process caused by human intervention or natural phenomena.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• artificial
• natural

N:S

n_s

Type	Required	Table
decimal	no	organic_measures

Nd concentration (ppb)

nd_concentration_ppb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppb	mineral_measures

Nd concentration (ppb) uncertainty

nd_concentration_ppb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppb	mineral_measures

Nd concentration uncertainty type

nd_concentration_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	mineral_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

Original burial identifier

original_burial_id

Original burial identifier corresponds to the the name or code assigned to the funerary structure from which the material originates.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	materials

Original material identifier

original_material_id

Original material identifier refers to the name of the material, usually a code, as stated in the original paper, database or lab.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	materials

Original sample identifier

original_sample_id

Original sample identifier refers to the name of the material, usually a code, as stated in the original paper, database or lab.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	samples

Pages

pages

The range of pages on which the article or chapter appears in the publication. This information is essential for locating the exact portion of the text being referenced, especially in lengthy publications.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	references

Parent material identifier

parent_material_id

This field contains the identifier of the parent material and is used to establish a connection when the current material is part of a larger group or context. This is particularly useful in cases such as cremation, where multiple individuals might be present together in a single context. The parent material should have the type “group” to indicate that it represents a collective or shared material context, linking all associated individuals or material fragments to this overarching group identifier.

Type	Required	Table
identifier	no	materials

Pathological change on sample

pathological_change_on_sample

Brief description of any pathological change on the sampled element, if present. This is a free-text field that should remain concise, with a brief and clear description.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	samples

Pathological observations

pathological_observations

Brief description of any pathological observations at the individual level, if present. This is a free-text field that should remain concise, with a brief and clear description.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	materials

Plant category

plant_category

This field classifies the sampled plant material based on its general growth form or structural type. It identifies whether the plant is a tree, shrub, grass, or another category, providing context for its ecological role and environmental adaptation.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• tree
• shrub
• grass

Plant metabolism

plant_metabolism

Plant metabolism denotes the metabolic pathway utilized by a plant for carbon fixation during photosynthesis.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	materials

Allowed Values:

• C3
• C4
• CAM

Publisher

publisher

The name of the organization or company responsible for producing and distributing the book, report, or other publication. The publisher’s role is to manage the production process, from editing to printing and distribution.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	references

Publisher location

publisher_location

The city (and sometimes the country) where the publisher’s headquarters or offices are located. This information is traditionally included to provide context about the origin of the publication and its geographic base.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	references

Reference Type

reference_type

The category or type of reference, indicating the nature of the publication. Common types include journal articles, books, book chapters, theses, conference papers, technical reports, and more. Identifying the reference type helps clarify the format and context of the publication.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	references

Allowed Values:

• Book
• BookChapter
• ConferencePaper
• Dataset
• Dissertation
• Journal
• JournalArticle
• Preprint
• Report
• Other

Relative dating - lower limit

relative_dating_lower_limit

Lower limit of the estimated age for the collected sample. The age may refer to the material itself or to its surrounding context, such as the age of an archaeological layer or an architectural feature. For dates expressed in calendar years BCE, a hyphen-minus symbol (e.g., -753) should precede the year. In cases where the material is contemporary, the year of sampling should be used in both this field and the “Relative Dating - Upper Limit” field.

Type	Required	Table
integer	no	materials

Relative dating - upper limit

relative_dating_upper_limit

Upper limit of the estimated age for the collected sample. The age may refer to the material itself or to its surrounding context, such as the age of an archaeological layer or an architectural feature. For dates expressed in calendar years BCE, a hyphen-minus symbol (e.g., -753) should precede the year. In cases where the material is contemporary, the year of sampling should be used in both this field and the “Relative Dating - Lower Limit” field.

Type	Required	Table
integer	no	materials

Relative dating timescale

relative_dating_timescale

The timescale used for expressing the relative dates associated with the material or context. The accepted values are BCE/CE, calBP, and BP. This field helps clarify the chronological system used for the provided relative dating values, ensuring consistency in the interpretation of the time periods.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	materials

Allowed Values:

• BCE/CE
• cal BP
• BP

Reported biological age category

reported_biological_age_category

Reported biological age group refers to the ordinal age group to which an individual belongs as presented in the original paper. Example: Infans I.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	materials

Reported biological identification

reported_biological_identification

Reported biological identification pertains to the taxonomic classification assigned to an animal as reported in the paper, which may allude to either scientific or vernacular nomenclature.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	materials

Result type

result_type

Result type is a field that enables specification of the type of measured value being reported. When multiple values, such as a range, are applicable to a specific sample, this field should be completed multiple times, each on a separate line.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	organic_measures, mineral_measures, radiocarbon_measures

Allowed Values:

• min
• max
• mean
• exact

Run date

run_date

This field records the date when a specific analytical run or session was performed, documenting when the data were collected to ensure traceability. The date should be entered in the format YYYY-MM-DD (e.g., 2024-11-07).

Type	Required	Table
string	no	organic_measures, mineral_measures, radiocarbon_measures, amino_acid_measures

Run identifier

run_id

This field contains a unique identifier for a specific analytical run or session in which data were collected.

Type	Required	Table
identifier	no	organic_measures, mineral_measures, radiocarbon_measures, amino_acid_measures

Sample identifier

sample_id

Sample identifier is a unique identifier assigned first by the compiler and then by the IsoArcH database to each collected sample. In each dataset, these numbers will span from 1 to n, with n representing the maximum number of samples compiled. Once in the IsoArcH database, this identifier will include the dataset number as a prefix. GRIST may automatically populate this field. Example: 1

Type	Required	Table
identifier	yes	samples, organic_measures, mineral_measures, radiocarbon_measures, amino_acid_measures

Sample type

sample_type

Sample type relates to the characterization of the selected sample on which isotopic and elemental analysis were conducted.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	samples

Allowed Values:

• bone
• fruit
• garum
• grain
• leaf
• pit
• seed
• shaft
• shell
• skin
• stem
• tooth
• hair
• beard
• nail
• gut
• muscle
• milk
• flesh
• scale
• feather
• whole
• tuber
• horn
• charcoal

Sampled zone identifier

sampled_zone_id

Serial order enables the numbering of sequential samplings taken from a specific sample, typically from dentine, enamel, or hair.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	organic_measures, mineral_measures, radiocarbon_measures, amino_acid_measures

Set of teeth

set_of_teeth

Set of teeth describes the type of dentition.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	samples

Allowed Values:

• deciduous
• permanent

Short reference

short_reference

This is a condensed version of the full reference, typically used for in-text citations or quick references. It usually includes the author’s last name(s) followed by the year of publication (e.g., “Salesse (2015)”, “Kharobi and Buccellati (2023)” or “Colombo et al. (2021)”). If there are two authors, use “and” to connect their names (e.g., “Smith and Jones (2020)”). For three or more authors, list only the first author’s last name followed by “et al.” to indicate the presence of additional authors (e.g., “Colombo et al. (2021)”). This format allows for quick identification of the source within a text without the need to include the entire reference.

Type	Required	Table
string	yes	references

Short references

short_references

Short reference: This is a condensed version of the full reference, designed to match the format used in the references table. It typically includes the author’s last name(s) followed by the year of publication (e.g., “Salesse (2015); Kharobi and Buccellati (2023); Colombo et al. (2021)”). Multiple short references should be separated by semicolons and are used when several references are cited for the same material. For two authors, use “and” to connect their names (e.g., “Smith and Jones (2020)”), and for three or more authors, list only the first author’s last name followed by “et al.” (e.g., “Colombo et al. (2021)”). This format ensures consistency with the references table and clarity when citing multiple references within a text.

Type	Required	Multiple	Table
string	yes	yes	materials

Skeletal representation

skeletal_representation

Skeletal representation refers to the degree of completeness of the preserved skeleton of a human individual.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• good
• medium
• bad

Sr concentration (ppm)

sr_concentration_ppm

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppm	mineral_measures

Sr concentration (ppm) uncertainty

sr_concentration_ppm_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppm	mineral_measures

Sr concentration uncertainty type

sr_concentration_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	mineral_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

Standard

standard

This field records the name or type of standard used during the analytical run. The standard refers to a reference material or known benchmark used to calibrate the equipment or validate the accuracy of the measurements taken.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	analytical_parameters

Stature

stature

Stature refers to the estimated height of an individual based on osteological features. Value is rounded to one decimal point.

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
string	no	centimeter (cm)	materials

Stature result type

stature_result_type

This field indicates the type of estimation used to determine an individual's height from osteological features. It reflects whether the stature is reported as a minimum, maximum, mean, or exact value, providing insight into the methodological approach and precision of the height estimation.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	materials

Stature uncertainty

stature_uncertainty

This field records the level of uncertainty associated with the estimated stature, expressed to one decimal point. It typically reflects the standard deviation or another measure of variability, indicating the range within which the true stature is likely to fall. This measure helps assess the precision of the stature estimation from osteological analysis, providing an understanding of the potential margin of error in the height estimation.

Type	Required	Table
decimal	no	materials

Stature uncertainty type

stature_uncertainty_type

This field specifies the type of statistical uncertainty applied to the stature estimate, with accepted values being “sd” or “2sd”. The value indicates whether the reported uncertainty reflects a one-standard-deviation or a two-standard-deviation range, helping to clarify the level of confidence in the estimated stature and its variability.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd

Status

status

The status field specifies the publication stage of a referenced work. It can indicate whether the work is submitted for review, in press and awaiting publication, accessible through online platforms or repositories, officially published in its final form, or still in preparation before submission. This field helps track the progress and accessibility of references.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	references

Allowed Values:

• published
• in press
• accessible
• submitted
• in preparation

Taxon name

taxon_name

Taxon name refers to the classification of organisms into taxa across five ranks (class, order, family, genus, and species) using the most precise rank possible, following internationally endorsed nomenclatures. Subspecies is not recognized. Example: Sus scrofa domestica will be noted Sus scrofa.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Taxon rank

taxon_rank

Taxon rank refers to the classification of organisms into taxa across five ranks (class, order, family, genus, and species) using the most precise rank possible, following internationally endorsed nomenclatures.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	materials

Allowed Values:

• kingdom
• phylum
• superclass
• superorder
• superfamily
• tribe
• subgenus
• subkingdom
• subphylum
• subclass
• suborder
• subfamily
• genus
• section
• class
• infraclass
• order
• infraorder
• family
• infrafamily
• series
• species
• subspecies
• variety
• form

Thesis type

thesis_type

Specifies the type of academic thesis being referenced, such as a master’s thesis, doctoral dissertation, or other forms of academic research documents. Identifying the thesis type helps determine the level and scope of the research work being cited.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	references

Title

title

The full title of the article, book, thesis, or other publication. This should be written exactly as it appears in the original work, including any subtitles. The title is essential as it provides a clear idea of the content or focus of the research or publication.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	references

Tooth category

tooth_category

Tooth category indicates the type of the sampled tooth.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	samples

Allowed Values:

• incisor
• canine
• premolar
• molar

Tooth fraction

tooth_fraction

Tooth fraction refers to the particular portion of the tooth that has been sampled.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	organic_measures, mineral_measures, radiocarbon_measures, amino_acid_measures

Allowed Values:

• dentine
• enamel
• pulp

Tooth numbering

tooth_numbering

Tooth numbering allows to designate by a number the tooth sampled. assigns a numerical designation to the sampled tooth. The system adopts a straightforward nomenclature akin to everyday life. Example: the third molar is designated as 3.

Type	Required	Table
integer	no	samples

Allowed Values:

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

URL

url

This field stores the URL where the referenced publication can be accessed. It provides direct access to the resource online, facilitating the verification of citations and exploration of referenced content. The URL is not the same as the DOI and should be filled in if no DOI is available.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	references

Volume

volume

The volume number of the journal or book in which the article or chapter appears. Volumes usually indicate a set of issues published within a specific period, such as a year. This information helps to accurately locate the publication within the series.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	references

Water provenance

water_provenance

This field identifies the origin or source of water associated with the material being analyzed. (e.g., river, ground)

Type	Required	Table
string	no	materials

Year

year

The year in which the work was published. This helps to contextualize the publication within a specific time frame, indicating when the research was conducted or when the findings were made publicly available.

Type	Required	Table
integer	no	references

%C

percent_c

Type	Required	Table
decimal	no	organic_measures

%N

percent_n

Type	Required	Table
decimal	no	organic_measures

%S

percent_s

Type	Required	Table
decimal	no	organic_measures

143Nd/144Nd

nd143_nd144

Type	Required	Table
decimal	no	mineral_measures

143Nd/144Nd uncertainty

nd143_nd144_uncertainty

Type	Required	Table
decimal	no	mineral_measures

143Nd/144Nd uncertainty type

nd143_nd144_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	mineral_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

14C lab code

c14_lab_code

14C lab code refers to the unique identifier assigned by a radiocarbon laboratory to a radiocarbon date.

Type	Required	Table
string	no	radiocarbon_measures

14C measure type

c14_measure_type

Measure type indicates whether the isotope and elemental measurements were conducted on a mineral or an organic compound within the sample.

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	radiocarbon_measures

Allowed Values:

• mineral
• organic

14C uncalibrated date

c14_uncalibrated_date

Uncalibrated 14C date refers to the raw date directly measured from the sample by a radiocarbon laboratory.

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
integer	no	years BP	radiocarbon_measures

14C uncalibrated date uncertainty

c14_uncalibrated_date_uncertainty

This field refers to the uncertainty associated with the raw radiocarbon date measured directly from the sample by a radiocarbon laboratory. It reflects the range within which the actual date is expected to fall, providing an estimate of the confidence in the accuracy of the radiocarbon dating process.

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	years BP	radiocarbon_measures

14C uncertainty type

c14_uncertainty_type

This field specifies the type of statistical uncertainty applied to the radiocarbon date. Examples include "sd", "2sd", "se", "2se".

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	radiocarbon_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

206Pb/204Pb (ppm)

pb206_pb204_ppm

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppm	mineral_measures

206Pb/204Pb (ppm) uncertainty

pb206_pb204_ppm_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppm	mineral_measures

206Pb/204Pb uncertainty type

pb206_pb204_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	mineral_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

206Pb/207Pb (ppm)

pb206_pb207_ppm

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppm	mineral_measures

206Pb/207Pb (ppm) uncertainty

pb206_pb207_ppm_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppm	mineral_measures

206Pb/207Pb uncertainty type

pb206_pb207_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	mineral_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

207Pb/204Pb (ppm)

pb207_pb204_ppm

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppm	mineral_measures

207Pb/204Pb (ppm) uncertainty

pb207_pb204_ppm_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppm	mineral_measures

207Pb/204Pb uncertainty type

pb207_pb204_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	mineral_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

207Pb/206Pb (ppm)

pb207_pb206_ppm

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppm	mineral_measures

207Pb/206Pb (ppm) uncertainty

pb207_pb206_ppm_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppm	mineral_measures

207Pb/206Pb uncertainty type

pb207_pb206_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	mineral_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

208Pb/204Pb (ppm)

pb208_pb204_ppm

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppm	mineral_measures

208Pb/204Pb (ppm) uncertainty

pb208_pb204_ppm_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppm	mineral_measures

208Pb/204Pb uncertainty type

pb208_pb204_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	mineral_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

208Pb/206Pb (ppm)

pb208_pb206_ppm

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppm	mineral_measures

208Pb/206Pb (ppm) uncertainty

pb208_pb206_ppm_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppm	mineral_measures

208Pb/206Pb uncertainty type

pb208_pb206_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	mineral_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

208Pb/207Pb (ppm)

pb208_pb207_ppm

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppm	mineral_measures

208Pb/207Pb (ppm) uncertainty

pb208_pb207_ppm_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	ppm	mineral_measures

208Pb/207Pb uncertainty type

pb208_pb207_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	mineral_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

87Sr/86Sr

sr87_sr86

Type	Required	Table
decimal	no	mineral_measures

87Sr/86Sr uncertainty

sr87_sr86_uncertainty

Type	Required	Table
decimal	no	mineral_measures

87Sr/86Sr uncertainty type

sr87_sr86_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	mineral_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

δ13C (‰vpdb)

d13c_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	organic_measures

δ13C (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	organic_measures

δ13C alanine (‰vpdb)

d13c_alanine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C alanine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_alanine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C amino acid uncertainty type

d13c_amino_acid_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	amino_acid_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

δ13C arginine (‰vpdb)

d13c_arginine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C arginine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_arginine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C asparagine (‰vpdb)

d13c_asparagine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C asparagine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_asparagine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C aspartic acid (‰vpdb)

d13c_aspartic_acid_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C aspartic acid (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_aspartic_acid_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C carbonate (‰vpdb)

d13c_carbonate_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	mineral_measures

δ13C carbonate (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_carbonate_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	mineral_measures

δ13C carbonate uncertainty type

d13c_carbonate_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	mineral_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

δ13C cysteine (‰vpdb)

d13c_cysteine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C cysteine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_cysteine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C glutamic acid (‰vpdb)

d13c_glutamic_acid_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C glutamic acid (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_glutamic_acid_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C glutamine (‰vpdb)

d13c_glutamine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C glutamine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_glutamine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C glycine (‰vpdb)

d13c_glycine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C glycine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_glycine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C histidine (‰vpdb)

d13c_histidine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C histidine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_histidine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C isoleucine (‰vpdb)

d13c_isoleucine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C isoleucine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_isoleucine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C leucine (‰vpdb)

d13c_leucine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C leucine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_leucine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C lysine (‰vpdb)

d13c_lysine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C lysine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_lysine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C methionine (‰vpdb)

d13c_methionine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C methionine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_methionine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C phenylalanine (‰vpdb)

d13c_phenylalanine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C phenylalanine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_phenylalanine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C proline (‰vpdb)

d13c_proline_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C proline (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_proline_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C serine (‰vpdb)

d13c_serine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C serine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_serine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C threonine (‰vpdb)

d13c_threonine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C threonine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_threonine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C tryptophan (‰vpdb)

d13c_tryptophan_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C tryptophan (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_tryptophan_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C tyrosine (‰vpdb)

d13c_tyrosine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C tyrosine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_tyrosine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C uncertainty type

d13c_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	organic_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

δ13C valine (‰vpdb)

d13c_valine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ13C valine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d13c_valine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N (‰air)

d15n_air

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰air	organic_measures

δ15N (‰air) uncertainty

d15n_air_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰air	organic_measures

δ15N alanine (‰vpdb)

d15n_alanine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N alanine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_alanine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N amino acid uncertainty type

d15n_amino_acid_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	amino_acid_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

δ15N arginine (‰vpdb)

d15n_arginine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N arginine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_arginine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N asparagine (‰vpdb)

d15n_asparagine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N asparagine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_asparagine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N aspartic acid (‰vpdb)

d15n_aspartic_acid_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N aspartic acid (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_aspartic_acid_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N cysteine (‰vpdb)

d15n_cysteine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N cysteine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_cysteine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N glutamic acid (‰vpdb)

d15n_glutamic_acid_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N glutamic acid (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_glutamic_acid_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N glutamine (‰vpdb)

d15n_glutamine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N glutamine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_glutamine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N glycine (‰vpdb)

d15n_glycine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N glycine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_glycine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N histidine (‰vpdb)

d15n_histidine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N histidine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_histidine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N isoleucine (‰vpdb)

d15n_isoleucine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N isoleucine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_isoleucine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N leucine (‰vpdb)

d15n_leucine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N leucine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_leucine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N lysine (‰vpdb)

d15n_lysine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N lysine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_lysine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N methionine (‰vpdb)

d15n_methionine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N methionine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_methionine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N phenylalanine (‰vpdb)

d15n_phenylalanine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N phenylalanine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_phenylalanine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N proline (‰vpdb)

d15n_proline_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N proline (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_proline_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N serine (‰vpdb)

d15n_serine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N serine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_serine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N threonine (‰vpdb)

d15n_threonine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N threonine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_threonine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N tryptophan (‰vpdb)

d15n_tryptophan_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N tryptophan (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_tryptophan_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N tyrosine (‰vpdb)

d15n_tyrosine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N tyrosine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_tyrosine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N uncertainty type

d15n_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	organic_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

δ15N valine (‰vpdb)

d15n_valine_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ15N valine (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d15n_valine_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	amino_acid_measures

δ18O carbonate (‰vpdb)

d18o_carbonate_vpdb

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	mineral_measures

δ18O carbonate (‰vpdb) uncertainty

d18o_carbonate_vpdb_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vpdb	mineral_measures

δ18O carbonate (‰vsmow)

d18o_carbonate_vsmow

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vsmow	mineral_measures

δ18O carbonate (‰vsmow) uncertainty

d18o_carbonate_vsmow_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vsmow	mineral_measures

δ18O carbonate uncertainty type

d18o_carbonate_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	mineral_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

δ18O phosphate (‰vsmow)

d18o_phosphate_vsmow

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vsmow	mineral_measures

δ18O phosphate (‰vsmow) uncertainty

d18o_phosphate_vsmow_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vsmow	mineral_measures

δ18O phosphate uncertainty type

d18o_phosphate_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	mineral_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

δ18O total (‰vsmow)

d18o_total_vsmow

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vsmow	mineral_measures

δ18O total (‰vsmow) uncertainty

d18o_total_vsmow_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vsmow	mineral_measures

δ18O total uncertainty type

d18o_total_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	mineral_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

δ34S (‰vcdt)

d34s_vcdt

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vcdt	organic_measures

δ34S (‰vcdt) uncertainty

d34s_vcdt_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰vcdt	organic_measures

δ34S uncertainty type

d34s_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	organic_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

δ88Sr (‰srm987)

d88sr_srm987

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰srm987	mineral_measures

δ88Sr (‰srm987) uncertainty

d88sr_srm987_uncertainty

Type	Required	Unit/Norm	Table
decimal	no	‰srm987	mineral_measures

δ88Sr uncertainty type

d88sr_uncertainty_type

Type	Required	Validations	Table
string	no	Lowercase: yes	mineral_measures

Allowed Values:

• sd
• 2sd
• se
• 2se

εnd

eend

Type	Required	Table
decimal	no	mineral_measures